Linggo, Marso 5, 2017

Revisiting the History of the Parish of Our Lady of Sorrows as a Means in Formulating Pastoral-Spiritual Development Proposals

Introduction
            Since the creation of the Diocese of Tarlac in the year 1963 as an independent diocese from Pangasinan and Pampanga, there have been many developments and accomplishments since then. Different parishes were created throughout the diocese. Many vocations to the priesthood led to the blossoming of the present parish priests and parochial vicars who are primarily in charge of the shepherding of God’s flock in Tarlac. One of these many accomplishments and progress is the founding of the Parish of Our Lady of Sorrows, independent from the San Nicolas de Tolentino Parish in Capas.
            The Parish of Our Lady of Sorrows reminds its faithful that God is present in their midst, in their community, in their struggles and problems. This parish reminds us that God wants to dwell with His beloved people. The present achievements of the parish are gratefully acknowledged every now and then. Thus, it is proper for us to always see this parish as God’s dwelling place, a place where God meets His flock, a place where the faithful are challenged to always follow God and His commands, a place where one finds and encounters God in the Eucharist.
            Undoubtedly, since its establishment, the parish has gone through thick and thin, through many tempests and challenges. Through God’s providence, the community still journeys as a pilgrim towards holiness and love of God and neighbour. However, though there is an obvious flourishing of the community, it is still evident that the parish has still a lot to develop especially in its attempt to provide greater participation among the members and the faithful. Thus, in this research, the writer aims to revisit the history of the parish as a means to evaluate and so to propose programs for the parish and its mission to bring the faithful closer to God in service and fellowship to our neighbour.
I.          History of Our Lady of Sorrows Parish
            After eighteen years of its existence, the Parish of Our Lady of Sorrows is still standing firm, maturing in faith, going beyond borders, reaching heights and fostering a community of love because of and for God. The community was able to overcome struggles and magnificently navigate to the path of God’s light. Under the guidance of the Blessed Mother, it has grown from a little chapel to a full-pledged parish that never failed to astound people through breakthroughs and far-reaching influence. The parish’s history is a tale of the people’s rapport, consolidation and harmony. Thus, let us take a look back at its humble beginnings and ponder on how God paved the way for its progress.

            A.        History and Foundation of the Parish
            The roots actually go back to the Spanish times. Many of us may wonder what could have been our religion if the Spaniards did not introduce Christianity. But at present, what matters most is that through God’s grace and works, the Spanish conquerors became blessings in disguise by sowing the seeds of Christianity to our land.
            The Spanish missionaries, especially the Augustinians and Recollects, reached Capas and Brgy. Dolores and made the fertile soil of the place a ground for the proliferation of Christianity. The colonizers eventually converted many natives in the religion. Many of the people of Capas, especially Dolores, were baptized and drawn closer to God. It is blatant that it was the Spaniards who named the place “Dolores”.
            The late Mrs. Maria Alzadon Cauguiran was the one who brought the image of Our Lady of Sorrows to Brgy. Dolores. This is according to Mrs. Paulina Cayabyab Pabustan who was her granddaughter, and who was the one of the people who said that the place was already called “Dolores” even before their birth in 1921 and even in the time of Mrs. Cauguiran. The image was placed inside a small nipa hut and gave way to the acceleration to the religiosity of the people. The people used to gather in that hut and a certain Fr. Simbol presided over the Masses.
            A group of bandits referred to as “Markang Bungo” invaded the place and killed many people, so that concerned citizens moved the image away to the safe hands of Apung Gunda Pabustan, and it never returned to that place again.[1]
            A big-hearted landowner from Concepcion, Tarlac named Pablo Tsuseco Pineda wholeheartedly donated a portion of his land in Dolores for the construction of a barangay chapel which dates back on November 1954. Our Lady of Sorrows was enshrined as the patron of the flourishing community. The Tsusecos also donated the image of the sorrowful Mother.[2] Anticipated Mass for Sundays, occasional Masses for fiestas and holy days of obligations were celebrated. The primary shepherds during that time were Fathers Magtoto and Monico Pineda (both deceased).[3]
            The number of churchgoers grew in number that after thirty-four years, during the time of Fr. Alberto Bruno, the chapel was renovated to accommodate the greater number of people. Through the collaboration of the residents and principal donors including Bro. Romy Cayanan, Bro. Ignacio Gomez, Bro. Feliciano Sicat and Sis. Concepcion Castañeda, the chapel’s new face was achieved on February 1989. Regular Sunday Masses were scheduled and officiated by Fr. Bruno and his successors Fr. Diosdado Guese and Fr. Tirso Daquigan.
            The overwhelming grace of God did not break there. So, on July 17, 1998, the humble petite chapel of Brgy. Dolores became the seat of a new parish, still under the patronage of Our Lady of Sorrows. It was Rev. Fr. Romeo G. Ramos who was installed as the first parish priest by His Excellency Most Reverend Florentino F. Cinense, bishop of Tarlac. The parish originally encompasses the barangays of Talaga, Sta. Rita, Manga, Estrada and Sta. Rosa. For the spiritual growth of the faithful, regular Masses were celebrated on Wednesdays and Sundays, as well as the celebration of the sacraments. The temporary priest’s vicarage was the house of Mr. and Mrs. Magno Nogoy.
            God set the path of the construction and development of the parish. Barely two months after Fr. Rome’s installation, through the concerted efforts of the then Board Member and now Mayor of Capas Reynaldo Catacutan and Fr. Rome himself, a group of companies, including Mabuhay Landscape and Mabuhay Zoo under the regulation of Mr. Luis Arriola, donated 2,000 square meters of land adjacent to the National Road for the erection of the parish church.
            On January 17, 1999, the groundbreaking activity transpired after the celebration of the Mass officiated by Bishop Florentino Cinense and other priests. This was during the pontificate of Pope John Paul II, presidency of Joseph Estrada, term of Mayor Hermes Frias Sr. and leadership of Brgy. Captain Benigno Pabustan. The third and biggest image of Our Lady of Sorrows was donated by Mr. and Mrs. Dionisio Siy-Hian of Villa Angelina Subdivision, Angeles City before the beginning of the 9-day novena on the 17th of March for the feast of Our Lady of Sorrows.
            B.        The Parish Territorial Jurisdiction
            As already mentioned, the parish was originally composed of the barangays of Talaga, Sta. Rita, Manga, Estrada and Sta. Rosa. Brgy. Estrada was transferred to and is now part of Sto. Cristo Parish in Burot, Tarlac City. On the other hand, Brgy. Sta. Rosa became a part of Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal in Tinang, Concepcion and also became a full-pledged parish last year.
            Let us now see the barangays that comprise the parish of Our Lady of Sorrows and their brief history.
           
            B. 1. Brgy. Sta. Rita
            The beginning of the chapel of Brgy. Sta. Rita can be traced in the year 1948, pointing to a certain Conrado Guanzon, a generous landowner from San Fernando, Pampanga who donated the land for the construction of the chapel. According to the late Mrs. Benigna Macaspac vda. de Rivera, Mr. Guanzon conferred with the residents about the building of the barangay chapel. The innate cooperative personality of the people made them agree to this idea. For two years, there was a bargain between him and the farmers: the farmers contribute two cavans of palay then Mr. Guanzon will give a counterpart of their produce.
            The building gradually took its form, starting with the labor of workers from Betis and the help of the residents. The image of the patron saint, St. Rita of Cascia, the name for both the barangay and the chapel, was sculptured in Manila.[4] It was on the 22nd day of May that they celebrated the first fiesta in honor of St. Rita. In order to enhance the chapel, the residents led by Mr. Juanito Rivera and Mr. Felix Rivera, the chapel underwent a major face renewal in 1994. This chapel, made of laryo[5], is situated at the heart of Brgy. Sta. Rita near the elementary school and the plazuela. The chapel continues to be a dwelling place of believers where Eucharistic celebrations are held regularly.
            B. 2. Brgy. Talaga
            By going straight upon entering the barrio of Talaga[6], one will locate the barangay chapel under the patronage of St. Joseph, husband of Mary and the foster father of Jesus. The origin of the chapel dates back to 1925. According to Mrs. Felisa Dizon-Arceo, a senior resident of the community, the first chapel was built with the native materials of cogon and bamboo. The land in which it was constructed was given by Mrs. Rosario Ocampo of San Fernando, Pampanga. GI sheets that were utilized for its walls were accumulated by Celedonio Dizon and Julian Macaspac from Sitio Luclac in Aranguren. Another chief modification was initiated by Mr. Gener Taruc in collaboration of the Knights of Columbus. The Castañeda Concrete Products, a local hardware company, provided the marble items for its flooring.
            Interestingly enough, it is said that the reason why St. Joseph was selected as the patron saint of the place was the frequent apparitions of an old man with a child towing at his sleeve. It was then widely believed that this man roaming on the filthy roads of the place was St. Joseph together with the Child Jesus. A life-sized statue of St. Joseph was carved by a skilled artist in Mabalacat, Pampanga. Then, it was brought via caratela[7] to the chapel a certain Imang Isang and Apung Doming.
            This chapel for many years later became the venue for the celebration of the Salubong in the parish, where the group of men who took in prayer-procession the image of the Risen Christ and the group of women bringing the image of the Blessed Mother assembled at the chapel for the removing of Her veil and afterwards, the celebration of the Eucharist for the Easter Sunday. It has become a tradition to set the Salubong in this chapel.
           
            B. 3. Brgy. Manga
            Unfortunately, there is no existing account of the history of the chapel. However, the researcher found out that the barangay was called as “Pulo” because of many fruit trees, mainly mangoes, which were found in the place. The first settlers of the barangay were the Cajuguiran, Capitulo and Cayabyab. One day, Spanish conquerors arrived to the place to conduct a census. According to stories, the foreigners found some settlers, specifically the Capitulos, under a mango tree. When the Spaniards asked the settlers what is the name of the place, the natives might have mistakenly understood the Spaniards that they asked what were the trees’ name were. And so, the term “manga” became the name of the place since then.
           
            C.        Terms of the Parish Priests (1998-Present)
            It is of so much importance that we should have knowledge about the pastors, past and present, who served the parish for eighteen years. By knowing them, we can have a glimpse on the further development and progress of the parish community.
           
            C. 1. Term of Rev. Fr. Romeo G. Ramos
            Rev. Fr. Romeo Galang Ramos was one of the twelve children of Mr. Vicente and Mrs. Rosita Ramos. He studied at Bamban Central School and San Roque National High School. He finished A. B. English, minor in Political Science, at Mindanao State University in the year 1983. His excellent performance in academics and even in theatre and drama made him one of the outstanding students of MSU. He engaged in the teaching profession for two years at Sto. Nino Academy in his hometown Bamban, Tarlac. But God summoned him to the priesthood, so in 1985, he submitted himself to His will and entered Mary Help of Christians College Seminary in Dagupan City and eventually finished his A. B. degree in Philosophy. Afterwards, he continued his studies at the Immaculate Conception Major Seminary in Guiguinto, Bulacan where he obtained his degree in Sacred Theology. Finally, on June 3, 1993 he was ordained priest by Bishop Florentino Cinense.
            His first assignment was Dean of Studies at Our Lady of Peace College Seminary in Tarlac City. His assignments that followed include: Parochial Vicar of San Nicolas de Tolentino Parish, Capas, Tarlac (June 1994 – October 1995); Parochial Vicar of St. Michael the Archangel Parish, Camiling, Tarlac (February – October 1996); Parochial Vicar of San Sebastian Cathedral, Tarlac City (October 1996 – October 1997); and at Sto. Nino Chapel, Homesite, San Miguel, Tarlac City (October 1997 – July 1998). He is currently the parish priest of Immaculate Conception Parish, Tibag, Tarlac City.
            During his term as the pastor of the parish, the permanent and present parish structure located along the National Road was started (though left unfinished), religious organizations such as the Parish Pastoral Council (PPC), Barangay Pastoral Councils (BPCs) and the Catholic Women’s League (CWL) were established.

            C. 2. Term of Rev. Fr. Ricardo P. Bie
            God sent another angel to the parish in the person of Rev. Fr. Ricardo Panlican Bie. Born on March 30, 1959, he is the son of Oscar Bie and Loreta Panlican. He had his elementary education in different schools; Pacalcal Primary School, Bamban Central Elementary School and Dela Cruz Elementary School. He finished his high school education at Sto. Nino Academy. He graduated with a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering from the Holy Angel University in the year 1984. However, he followed the call to service in the year 1986 when he entered Maria Assumpta Seminary in Cabanatuan City and studied there for two years. He was further molded to priesthood at the Immaculate Conception Major Seminary, Guiguinto, Bulacan from 1988 to 1992. On February 28, 1992, he was ordained deacon and served for ten months. On December 12, 1992, he was elevated to the order of priests at San Sebastian Cathedral, Tarlac City together with five others.
            His first assignment as a priest was parochial vicar of the Cathedral. Then, he was designated as parochial vicar of the Immaculate Conception Parish, Concepcion, Tarlac on October 1994. God expanded his spiritual experience and sent him to be the first parish priest of San Nicolas de Tolentino Parish, Balas, Concepcion, Tarlac on February 6, 1995. In the year 2000, he was appointed vice rector of Our Lady of Peace College Seminary, Tarlac City. Fulfilling God’s purpose of being the second parish priest of Our Lady of Sorrows Parish started in his arrival on June 7, 2002 initially to be the administrator of the parish in the absence of Fr. Rome who went to abroad for further studies. Fr. Dick was finally installed as parish priest on November 12, 2002. In his term, the parish’s jurisdiction still includes the barangays of Talaga, Sta. Rita, Manga, Estrada and Sta. Rosa. He was reassigned as parish priest of Our Lady of Sorrows Parish from 2012-2013. He is presently the parish priest of St. Michael the Archangel Parish, San Miguel, Tarlac City.
            In his term, as a builder-priest, the parish church and rectory were finally finished, the landscape and grotto were beautified, the youth ministry was established and several organizations like Infant Jesus Catholic Community and Jesus, Mary and Joseph Community were founded. It was during his term that the Barangays of Estrada and Sta. Rosa were transferred to another parish jurisdiction.

            C. 3. Term of Rev. Fr. Noel C. Paguinto
            Continuing God’s care for His flock in Dolores, He sent another shepherd in the person of Rev. Fr. Noel Dela Cruz Paguinto. He was born to Martin Paguinto and Teofila Dela Cruz on December 5, 1964. A native of Bamban, Tarlac, he had his elementary education at Bamban Gabaldon Elementary School and his high school education at Sto. Nino Academy. Still unaware of God’s call for him, he took BS Business Administration at the Holy Angel University for one year. However, he yielded to the call to the priesthood and so entered Mary Help of Christians College Seminary in Dagupan City. He was one of the pioneering class of the newly erected seminary and finally graduated in the year 1989. After graduating, he held a teaching position at the Dominican College of Tarlac for a year. He pursued his theological formation and studies at Immaculate Conception Major Seminary, Guiguinto, Bulacan. He was ordained priest by Most Rev. Florentino Cinense on September 8, 1994.
            At the onset of his ministry, he was assigned as parochial vicar of St. Rose of Lima Parish, Paniqui, Tarlac (1996-1997). The succeeding assignments are as follows: assistant parish priest of San Nicolas de Tolentino Parish, Capas, Tarlac (1996-1997); assistant parish priest of San Sebastian Cathedral, Tarlac City (1997-1998); assistant parish priest of St. Raymond Nonnatus Parish, Moncada, Tarlac (1998-1999); first time as parish priest of Our Lady of Remedies Parish, San Manuel, Tarlac for six months, afterwards as parish priest of Our Lady of Guadalupe Parish, Malacampa, Camiling, Tarlac on the Maundy Thursday of 2000. On May 31, 2006, his journey began as the third parish priest of Our Lady of Sorrows Parish. At present, he is the parish priest of St. Joseph, Husband of Mary Parish, O’Donnell, Capas, Tarlac.
            Fr. Noel was the first parish priest to finish his six-year term as pastor of the community. During his term, several other religious organizations were established such as the Apostleship of Prayer, Mother Butler Mission Guilds and Legion of Mary, many pastoral programs were launched such as Block Rosary and house blessing, dawn procession, home visitation among the parishioners and daily celebration of the Holy Mass. Other accomplishments such as construction of a function hall, paving of the parking lot and the upgrading of the retablo and altar were successfully done.

            C. 4. Term of Rev. Fr. Elmer Gonzales
            Little is known about Rev. Fr. Elmer Gonzales because of his three-month long tenure as parish priest. He is a native of Angeles City, Pampanga and an alumnus of San Carlos Seminary, Makati City. He was ordained priest for the Diocese of Tarlac on December 12, 1992. Prior to his assignment as parish priest of Our Lady of Sorrows Parish, he was assigned as parish priest of Our Lady of Lourdes Parish, Maliwalo, Tarlac City and St. Raphael the Archangel Parish, San Rafael, Tarlac City. His term lasted from June – August 2013 when he was transferred to St. Isidore Parish, Estipona, Pura, Tarlac.
            During his term, daily Masses were still celebrated, Marian devotions were promoted and other devotions to saints were introduced to the parishioners.
           
            C. 5. Term of Rev. Fr. Claro B. Ortiz
            The legacy of shepherding the flock of Our Lady of Sorrows Parish endures in the hands of Rev. Fr. Claro Bustamante Ortiz. He is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Ruben Ortiz of Gerona, Tarlac. He had his elementary education at Gerona North Elementary School and finished high school studies at  Gerona Institute. Heeding the call to the priesthood, he entered Our Lady of Peace College Seminary in Tarlac City on June 1989, making him a part of the pioneering class of the newly established diocesan seminary of Tarlac. After obtaining his degree in philosophy, he took his regency program for a year and became a teacher at Concepcion Catholic School. He continued his theological studies at St. Vincent School of Theology, Quezon City. He was finally ordained priest on March 17, 2001.
            At the onset of his term, there were continuous Parish Renewal Experience (PREX) seminars held in the parish. Cursillo in Christianity and Recollection in Christianity were introduced. Another major project under his administration was the repainting of the church’s ceiling with different icons of saints. Devotion to Padre Pio was also a remarkable means of helping the parishioners, especially the sick, that he brought to the parish. At present, there is an on-going extension project for the church’s wings to accommodate more churchgoers.

II. Pastoral-Spiritual Proposals for the Parish
            For more than eighteen years, the parish has undoubtedly developed into a community according to what God has planned it to be. There have been many developments, established religious organizations and pastoral programs initiated by the different parish priests. However, we have to admit that there are many other possibilities for growth and there are also many rooms for improvement of the parish community. Thus, in this part of this opus, the researcher offers several proposals for possible programs and developments for the parish.

            A. Basic Ecclesial Communities
            One of the significant developments in the Church after Vatican II is the emergence of Basic Ecclesial Communities (BECs) in various parts of the world including the Philippines.  The family is the basic unit not just of the society but of the Church as well. As such, the family is called as the “domestic Church”, where the family becomes the first and fundamental teacher of the faith among its members. For a parish to become a more pastoral community, the most important aspect that should be given proper and serious attention is the family.
            For this reason, the researcher proposes to establish Basic Ecclesial Communities (BECs) within the parish, especially to the rural and slum areas of the parish like Sitio Pies and Sitio Kural in Brgy. Dolores, Sitio Lourdes in Brgy. Talaga, Sitio Katorse in Brgy. Sta. Rita, and Brgy. Manga. A BEC parish formation team has to be formed for the parish. There should also be a pastoral and strategic plan for the parish formulated by the parish priest, parish formation team and selected lay leaders. Lay organizations, movements and associations should be given orientation on BEC and encouraged to actively participate in the formation of BECs in their village or neighborhood.
           
            B. Restoration of Public Devotions
            The Second Vatican Council recognized the importance of popular devotions in the life of the Church and encouraged pastors and teachers to promote sound popular devotions. For many years, the parish has initiated the observance of many popular public devotions. Since the liturgy is the center of the life of the Church, popular devotions should never be portrayed as equal to the liturgy, nor can they adequately substitute for the liturgy.[8]
            There had been block rosary during October, first Saturday dawn procession in honor of the Blessed Mother, Sto. Niño Mission during January, Mama Mary Mission on May and Exposition of the Blessed Sacrament on certain important celebrations like Corpus Christi Sunday. For unknown reasons, these devotions are gradually abandoned, therefore leaving reactions from the parishioners who have developed their devotions from the said activities.
           
            C. Establishing the Skolar nang Apung Dolores Project
            For many years, there had been many parishioners who have become professional teachers, licensed engineers, physicians, lawyers and many others. Presently, there are still many youth in the parish who have the determination and intellectual capacity to study but are unfortunately unable to go to college because of financial inadequacy.
            Thus, the writer proposes the founding of the Skolar nang Apung Dolores project in order to help these capable and deserving students in their studies.

            D. Fostering Priestly and Religious Vocations
            Since the establishment of the parish in the year 1998, there were many young men who attempted to enter the priesthood. Unfortunately, not even one of these made it to ordination. However, even before the parish was created, Celso Guevarra[9], a native of Brgy. Dolores, later became the Bishop of Balanga. Another son of Brgy. Dolores who became a priest was Father Magtoto. For many decades now, the parish have not yet produced its first priest for the Church.
            Through God’s grace and love, the parish at present has two seminarians, who are both studying in the theologate, one at Mary Help of Christians Theology Seminary in Pangasinan and hoping to become a diocesan priest, and the other at Maryhurst Seminary belonging to the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (CICM) in Baguio City as a future religious of the said congregation. However, the need for priestly and religious vocations not just of the parish but of the Church in general has been consistently increasing.
            Fostering vocations to the priesthood is a constant challenge for the Church. The most favourable environment for vocations to the priesthood is every Christian community that listens to the Word of God, prays with the liturgy and gives witness with charity. Prayer for the increase of vocations is the first and most important step. As a proposal, the parish may collectively pray for vocations. For instance, one weekend per month, the parish may recite a specific vocational prayer after communion. The parish may also organize a day of prayer, renewal and fellowship which aims to help and foster vocations among the youth, young professionals, and those in formation through fellowship, sharing, and prayer as one community of young people, religious in formation and aspirants or youth in discernment.
           
            E. Catechetical Apostolate
            Religious education in our schools should aim not only to a simple intellectual assent to religious truths but also to a total commitment of one’s whole being to the Person of Christ.[10] To provide catechetical programs that lead to a better understanding of the faith and improving the quality of pastoral life of the parish, the parish may designate persons who are willing to conduct catechism classes, recollections and retreats, seminars and workshops.
           
            F. Founding of Other Religious Organizations
            As stated earlier, there are already existing mandated religious organizations in the parish. However, there are also many other great opportunities of establishing other organizations for the spiritual growth of the parishioners who are willing to serve the parish. Such organizations that are seen to be important are Adoracion Nocturna Filipina, Knights of Columbus, JHS Chaplet[11] (as a branch of the existing JHS Chaplet in the nearby Parish of San Nicolas de Tolentino) and many others. This is to help the parishioners to have a greater participation in the life of the parish.

            G. Regular Updating of Religious Organizations and Lay Ministers
            We cannot admit that a certain religious organization, after being founded and stabilized, has no need of further formation and updating. Since the Church adapts to the signs of the time, so there is also a great need for regular updating for the faithful. Lectors, Extraordinary Ministers of Holy Communion, altar servers and the rest of the lay ministers should at least have a monthly assembly for an updating and if possible, spiritual formation such as recollections. In this manner, the parish does not only augment their understanding of the faith but also foster unity and camaraderie among the members and the parish priest.


Conclusion
            A community, and in this sense the parish, that puts God as its center, source and origin, finds it fulfilling to spread the faith more fully, more effectively and more seriously. By gratefully keeping in mind the history of the development of the parish, we can now help in contributing to the further progress and nurturing of our faith in accordance to the will of God.
            What have just been presented by the writer are all possibilities and proposals for the growth of the parish. However, it is the writer’s utmost prayer and hope that these proposals will not just remain in letters and ideas, rather may they be brought to life by the parish priest in collaboration of the parishioners.



                [1] However, it is believed that the first image of Our Lady of Sorrows is the one that is presently housed in the chapel of Brgy. Manga (see Appendix of this work).
                [2] The second image of Our Lady of Sorrows can be seen in the chapel of Brgy. Dolores (see Appendix).
                [3] During this time, both priests were former parish priests of San Nicolas de Tolentino Parish. Thus, prior to its becoming an independent parish, Brgy. Dolores and other neighboring barangays were under the jurisdiction of San Nicolas de Tolentino Parish which is found at the poblacion.
                [4] See Appendix for the photo of the image.
                [5] Laryo is the Kapampangan term for “baked bricks” which were formerly made in a factory found in the nearby Brgy. Estrada.
                [6] Talaga is the archaic Kapampangan term for “water well”. According to history, the barangay had plenty of these wells, thus the name of the place was derived from them.
                [7] A small wagon commonly pulled by a carabao or a horse.
                [8] Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, Directory on Popular Piety and the Liturgy: Principles and Guidelines (December 2001), no. 50
                [9] Bishop Guevarra, who served the Diocese of Balanga as its first residential Bishop from his appointment in 1975 to his retirement in 1998, was born on January 9, 1923 in Capas, Tarlac.  He began his priestly studies after graduation from grade school, completing his Philosophy course at the San Carlos Seminary in Guadalupe, Makati, and Theology at the University of Santo Tomas Central Seminary.
                He was ordained to the priesthood on April 19, 1949, and his early ministry consisted of parish assignments, serving as assistant pastor of Concepcion, Tarlac and Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija, and as parish priest of Rizal and Bongabong towns in Nueva Ecija.  He also served in the Curia as Diocesan Chancellor (1963-1970), Diocesan Consultor (1963), Secretary (1968-1971) and Episcopal Vicar-Chancellor of Cabanatuan (1971).
                He was ordained to the Episcopacy on August 28, 1972, and appointed as Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of San Fernando (Pampanga).
                When the Diocese of Balanga was erected in 1995, he was appointed as its first Residential Bishop, and installed on November 8 of the same year.  In the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP), he served as member of the Administrative Board and chairman of the Episcopal Commission for the Laity for two terms (1982-1990).  He had also served as a member of the Office of the Laity of the Federation of Catholic Bishops' Conferences in 1986.

                [10] Norms and Guidelines for the Ministry of Catechesis, General Assembly of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines, July 8, 1980.
                [11] JHS Chaplet is a religious organization founded in San Nicolas de Tolentino Parish. The organization primarily spreads the devotion to the Holy Infant Jesus, commonly known as Sto. Niño, and their advocacy to help unfortunate students in their expenses by offering scholarship grants.

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